When to Replace AED Pads and Batteries
Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) rely on two essential consumable components: pads and batteries. Both are critical for the device to function during a cardiac emergency.
Pads deliver the electrical shock to the patient, while the battery powers the AED to analyse heart rhythms and administer defibrillation if necessary.
It is vital to replace AED pads and batteries within the recommended timeframes. Expired or depleted components can cause the AED to malfunction, resulting in a failure to deliver treatment when required. Regular maintenance ensures the AED remains in a ‘rescue-ready’ state at all times.
Did You Know?
Defibrillator pads contain a conductive gel that can dry out after their expiry date,
reducing the effectiveness of the shock.
Contents
- Introduction
- Technical Lifespan Requirements
- Signs You Need to Replace Pads or Battery
- Maintenance and Inspection Best Practices
- Replacement Procedure
- Disposal and Recycling
- Cost and Budgeting Estimates
- FAQs
Technical Lifespan Requirements
The replacement intervals for AED pads and batteries vary depending on the manufacturer and model. However, general guidelines apply across most devices.
AED Pads Lifespan
Defibrillator pads typically have a shelf life between 18 and 30 months. This is due to the conductive gel on the pads, which can degrade over time. Expired pads may not adhere properly or deliver shocks effectively.
Manufacturers provide a clearly marked expiry date on each set of pads. After any use, pads must be replaced immediately, even if they have not reached their expiry date.
Examples:
- ZOLL AED Plus: Pads expire after 5 years if unused (ZOLL UK)
- Philips HeartStart HS1: Adult pads expire every 2 years (AED USA)
- HeartSine Samaritan PAD: Pads come as part of a Pad-Pak with batteries, expiring after 4 years (Defib Supplies UK)
AED Battery Lifespan
Batteries usually last between 2 and 5 years, depending on model and usage. AED batteries must be replaced when they reach their expiry date or after use.
Examples:
- Philips HeartStart HS1: 4-year lifespan under normal standby conditions
- ZOLL AED Plus: Approximately 5-year shelf life (ZOLL UK)
- HeartSine Pad-Pak: Pads and battery replaced every 4 years (Defib Supplies UK)
Observation:
Expiry dates on AED pads are usually printed on the packaging but may fade if exposed
to sunlight in outdoor cabinets.
Signs You Need to Replace Pads or Battery
1. Expiry Dates Reached
Once expired, pads and batteries may not function correctly, even if they appear undamaged. Replacing them before expiry ensures optimal performance.
2. After Any Use
Pads must always be replaced after use. Batteries should also be checked after a shock is delivered, as some AEDs consume significant battery power during operation.
3. Device Self-Test Alerts
- Flashing or solid red indicator lights
- Audible beeping signals
- Displayed text or voice messages
Ignoring these alerts can result in a non-operational AED during emergencies (St John Ambulance).
Did You Know?
Some defibrillator models combine pads and batteries into one cartridge, simplifying
replacement and reducing maintenance errors.
Maintenance and Inspection Best Practices
- Weekly: Check readiness indicator and listen for alerts
- Monthly: Inspect pads, cables, and accessories
- Post-Use: Replace used pads and review battery status
Registering AEDs on The Circuit helps owners receive reminders for upcoming maintenance (BHF Maintenance Guide).
Observation:
In many community settings, inspection logs attached to cabinets are left blank due
to unclear local responsibilities.
Replacement Procedure
Replacing AED Pads
- Confirm replacement pads are in date
- Turn off AED if required
- Remove old pads
- Install new pads
- Confirm readiness indicator
Replacing AED Batteries
- Use manufacturer-approved battery
- Turn off AED if required
- Remove old battery
- Insert new battery
- Confirm successful self-test
Disposal and Recycling
AED Pads
- Used pads: treat as clinical waste
- Expired unused pads: usually general waste
AED Batteries
- Recycle via council centres or battery recycling points
- Some suppliers offer return schemes
UK WEEE Regulations apply to AED batteries and require proper disposal.
Cost and Budgeting Estimates
- AED Pads: £30–£150 per set
- AED Batteries: £80–£250 depending on model
Many organisations budget £50–£100 per year for AED maintenance.
FAQs
- How often should I replace AED pads?
- How long do AED batteries last?
- What happens if I use expired AED pads?
- Can I replace pads and batteries myself?
- Are maintenance services available?
Sources
- St John Ambulance – Defibrillator Maintenance Guide
- ZOLL Medical – AED Maintenance
- St John New Zealand – AED Monitoring and Maintenance